PDF version available here: Vol. 11 No. 3

Journal of the
N.SW. FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS CLUB

Volume 11 No. 3 March 1977

Registered for Posting as a Periodical, Category B Price $1.50THE N.S.W. FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS CLUB
OFFICE BEARERS
PATRON A. H. Chisholm. O.B.E.
PRESIDENT J. Francis
SECRETARY J. Pegler
TREASURER G. Dibley
RECORDS OFFICER A. E. F. Rogers
FIELD DAY ORGANISER M. Dibley
CONSERVATION OFFICER M. Cameron
EDITOR OF AUSTRALIAN BIRDS A. K. Morris
EDITOR OF NEWSLETTER R. M. Cooper
COMMITTEE D. Larkins
W. Longmore
The object of the Club is promote the study and conservation of Australian birds and the
habitats they occupy.
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Manuscripts should be sent to the Editor at:
P.O. Box 39, Coonabarabran. 2857.DMZ
Vol. 11, No. 3 March, 1977
THE BIRDS OF THE COUNTY OF CAMDEN
(INCLUDING THE ILLAWARRA DISTRICT)
INTRODUCTION
This paper records for the first time all birds known to have occurred in the County
of Camden together with essential data on their current status for the purpose of providing
a general survey of the distribution of species against which future changes may be measur-
ed. It is hoped also, that the list will be useful to interested persons in assessing the likeli-
hood of seeing particular birds, where they are most likely to be encountered and at what
times of the year.
Heaviest concentration of human population occurs on the coastal strip, especially
around the Wollongong/Port Kembla complex, the economy of which is based on coal
mining and heavy industry. The rest of the County, except for the extensive and virtually
uninhabited water catchment areas, is rather lightly settled being mainly used for farming
pursuits (dairying, cattle, agriculture).
The precise boundaries of the Illawarra District have been subjected to several diff-
erent interpretations. The area which in recent times has been considered as Illawarra for
ornithological purposes, roughly comprises the coastal plain and escarpment from Stanwell
Park to the Shoalhaven River and includes Comerong Is. Although the extreme northern
part of this area extends beyond the County border, there are logical and obvious reasons
that it should be included in this paper (see map). Comerong Is. is, however, excluded.
A total of 345 species of birds make up the County list at this date.42. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTY
The County limits are formed by the Shoalhaven, Wollondilly, Nepean and Cataract Rivers.
From the source of the last, a line to the coast at Bulli Pt. completes the boundary which encl-
oses a total area of approximately 555 000 ha. Lake Illawarra and the Five Is. Group are out-
standing features of the 65 km coastline which takes the general form of sandy beaches with
separating headlands.
The principal geological zones (see map) broadly indicate the type of vegetation to be
expected. The two major formations are the Hawkesbury Sandstone Series and the Wianamatta
Shales. The sandstone gently rises as it extends southward to reach an elevation of about 650 m
in the highest parts of the County. Rather sterile soils support moderate to scattered eucalyptus
forests (dry sclerophyll) and a rich heath flora in suitable locations.
The Wianamatta Shales overlay the Hawkesbury Sandstone and produce extensive areas of
more fertile soils of which the Moss Vale plateau is typical. Each of these zones has certain
characteristic bird species not found in the other.
Underlying the sandstone are the softer shales of the Narrabeen Series and the Coal Mea-
sures which are exposed on escarpments and stream -cut gullies. Rainforest and wet sclerophyll
forest develop on these soils depending on the degree of moisture retention and shelter from
drying winds. These strata weather easily and the width of the fertile coastal plain is determined
largely by the depth which is exposed below the sandstone.
Permian rocks of both sedimentary and volcanic origins complicate the geology of the
lower Shoalhaven and the vegetation is correspondingly diverse though sclerophyll forests pre-
dominate. The valley of the Wollondilly cuts through rocks of Devonian age and is probably
the harshest and driest part of our area.
The mean annual rainfall is 1000-1500 mm for the coastal areas and 650-1000 mm for
the inland. There is no marked seasonal pattern. Mean temperatures for the whole County are
20°-22°C for the hottest month and 8°-13°C for the coldest, though the elevated Moss Vale
plateau usually averages 6°C cooler than elsewhere.
CONSERVATION
Although most of the County is in an underveloped condition or supports a rural type of
land use that poses little threat to the present bird population, developmental pressures along
the coast are inevitably causing some loss or degradation of habitats with consequent reduction
of species. Tom Thumb Lagoon for example, once a renowned haven for thousands of waders
and waterbirds, has been almost entirely reclaimed for harbour and industrial expansion. Typical
of the factors affecting the status of birds in this region of rapid population growth, not all of
which should be considered inevitable, are (1) intense recreational use of Lake Illawarra and
surroundings, (2) conversion of farmlands and open space to residential zoning, (3) serious
reduction of wetlands by filling with mining and industrial waste, (4) increasing use for leisure
activities, including trail -bike riding, of formerly undisturbed beaches and dunes (affecting Little
Terns, Red -capped Dotterels etc.) and bushlands (affecting Lyrebirds, Emerald Doves etc.,
(5) sand mining of dunes and alluvial deposits.
The several water catchment areas, state forests and forest reserves may be considered as
fairly secure habitat preserves though here the increasing frequency of bushfires, whether caused
by negligence, vandalism or the controversial practice of ‘hazard reduction burning’, is a factor
for concern. The faunal value of some state forests has also been reduced by replacing natural
forests with pine mono -cultures.FO
SERTEMOLIK44. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
The Morton National Park standing astride the southern border of the County is the most
extensive permanent reserve while a variety of smaller sanctuaries, parks and reserves provide useful
refuges for many species. A proposal to incorporate the whole of the coastal escarpment in a multi-
purpose regional park, though perhaps a long way from fullfilment, deserves strong support as a
scenic amenity which would also ensure the retention of important samples of rainforest and wet
sclerophyll habitats.
THE BIRDS
In the total of 345 species, 61 (18%) are seabirds, many of which are permanently or season-
ally present in the coastal seas. The inclusion of the remainder is largely due to the occasional
cyclonic on -shore gale and much enthusiastic beachcombing. The migratory waders (24 species,
7% mainly trans -equatorial) are heavily dependent on the sandflats and shallows of Lake Illawarra
and Shoalhaven Heads for their off-season rehabilitation. The numbers of ducks and other water –
birds can vary greatly in accordance with climatic conditions. Prolonged dry weather inland causes
many to seek a drought refuge in the available coastal wetlands.
The following shows the number of species in broad categories of residential status.
Resident and sedentary (present throughout the year) 125 (36%)
Mainly nomadic (usually present) 68 (20%)
Of rare, unusual or accidental occurrence 86 (25%)
Summer visitors 51 (15%)
Winter visitors 15 (4`)/0
SOURCES
In the preparation of the list I have drawn upon the records of past and present ornithol-
ogists who have made significant observations in the County. These, together with all relevant
published data of which am aware and my own notes covering the past thirty years will
I
hopefully ensure that there are no serious omissions. Every effort has been made to verify the
authenticity of unusual records and dubious ones have been rejected. One can be certain, however,
that other bird visitors have come and gone undetected and equally certain that additions will be
made to this list in the future.
Text references to The Australian Naturalist, May 1948, refer to a valuable contribution
entitled “Birds of the Illawarra” by E. McNamara. McGill and Lane (Emu 55:49-71) recorded
the birds observed during the 1954 RAOU Camp -out at Mt. Keira and appended the additional
species from McNamara’s list and other district records up to that time which had largely been
collated by the late J. Devitt. Reprints of both the above papers were published in booklet
form by the Illawarra Natural History Society.
References will be found to the following publications using the abbreviations given, foll-
owed by the volume and page number.
Emu: Journal of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union.
AB B: “Australian Bird Bander”, Journal of the Bird Banders’ Association of
Australia.
AB: “Australian Birds”, Journal of the N.S.W. Field Ornithologists Club.
Birds: Former name of the above journal.
ABW: “Australian Bird Watcher”, Journal of the Bird Observers Club, Vic.
North: “Nests and Eggs of Birds Found Breeding in Australia and Tasmania”.
A. J. North. 2 vols.
Birds of Sydney: K. A. Hindwood and A. R. McGill, 1958.March, 1977 45.
THE SYSTEMATIC LIST
The classification and naming of Australian birds is presently undergoing revision to reflect
more recent knowledge of the evolution and relationships involved. The “Checklist of the Birds
of Australia” Part 1, Non -Passerines (Condon, 1975) is generally accepted as authoritative and has
been followed in this list for the non -passerine species (i.e. Nos. 1 to 223). Part 2 of the Check-
list has not yet been finalised and the “Interim List of Australian Songbirds”, Passerines (Schodde,
1975) has been adopted by this and other journals as being expedient in the present circumstance!
It is followed for the remainder of the list (i.e. Nos. 224 to 345).
For the convenience of those not aware of the changes taking place, an alphabetical index
of common names has been appended wherein will also be found references to several former
common names which are superseded in the Interim List mentioned above:
The following information is given for each species:
Common name.
Scientific name. Trinomials( are only used for subspecies recognizable in the field.
Status. Using one or more of the following abbreviations (V) visitor, can indicate a straggler of
unusual or accidental occurrence (e.g. storm -driven), or a species with some doubt as to its
true status. (SV) summer visitor, (WV) winter visitor, ISM) summer migrant, (WM) winter
migrant, (PM) passage migrant, passes through the County on annual migration, R resident,
present at all times, (B) breeding, regularly or spasmodically.
Abundance. Described as rare (1-10 records), scarce, uncommon, moderately common, common
and very common. Apart from the first category these terms denote relative abundance of
birds in generally similar habitats or species groups, the same term not necessarily indicat-
ing similar absolute numbers throughout the list. The months when seasonal migrants are
present and the sedentary or nomadic status of resident birds are also given.
Preferred habitat. Most terms used are self-explanatory. “Wet sclerophyll” denotes eucalypt
forest, often with closed canopy, rich undergrowth and leaf litter growing in areas of over
1000 mm rainfall. “Dry sclerophyll” denotes eucalypt forest with smaller trees, open canopy
and sparse undergrowth growing in areas of less than 1000 mm rainfall.
Egg -laying period where known, significant records and notes of special interest.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Particular thanks are due to H. Battam, W. Fairs, J. Kershaw, E. McNamara and C. Sonter
who freely supplied notes and observations. Helpful assistance was also received from Mrs. C.
Crowe and P. Davies. The manuscript was critically read by A. R. Sefton, whose past beach-
combing activities have helped augment the seabird tally, and by J. N. Hobbs who also provided
some recent additions from the Shoalhaven district. A. R. McGill and E. S. Hoskin contributed
many important data from their personal notes and the latter also searched the records of the
late K. A Hindwood and A. J. Elliot (Cambewarra) for relevant items. I am especially indebted
to A K. Morris for providing much information, advice and helpful criticism. His “Birds of
Gosford, Wyong and Newcastle” (AB 9:37-76) has been the pattern for the style of the present
paper.
J. D. GIBSON 10 Treetop Glen, Thirroul, N.S.W. 251546. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
SYSTEMATIC LIST
Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus
1
V. Rare, nomadic. Lakes including salt water.
Most records from L. Illawarra.

2. Hoary -headed Grebe Poliocephalus poliocephalus
   VB. Uncommon but occasionally larger aggregations on backwaters of L. Illawarra.
   Nomadic. Inland and coastal dams, lakes and lagoons.
3. Little Grebe Tachybaptus novaehollandiae
   RB. Common, mainly sedentary. Numbers are sometimes increased by nomadic
   arrivals. Swamps, agricultural dams, lagoons and estuaries.
4. Fiordland Crested Penguin Eudyptes pachyrhynchus
   V. Rare. Accidental in coastal seas. Breeds N.Z. Specimen from Gerringong
   2/10/38 (EMU 38:377)
5. Little Penguin Eudyptula minor
   RB. Moderately common. Coastal waters. Several hundred pairs breed on Five Is.
   spring and summer. Banded birds have been recovered up to 150 km north and
   130 km south. Occasionally ashore on mainland beaches during moult. There have
   been mainland nesting records from Bombo/Kiama.
6. Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans
   WV. Common (June -Sept) in coastal waters, otherwise scarce. Congregates to
   feed on cuttlefish. Banding studies show birds from most sub -antarctic breeding
   islands are represented and individuals return to the same winter foraging areas.
7. Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora
   V. Rare. Coastal waters. One caught, banded and released off Bellambi 17/7/60
   (Emu 62:167-8)
8. Black-browed Albatross Diomedea melanophrys
   WV. Moderately common June to September in coastal waters, otherwise scarce.
9. Buller’s Albatross Diomedea bulleri
   V. Rare. Coastal waters. Beachwashed specimen at Thirroul 2/5/63 (Emu 64:101)
   only record.
10. Grey -headed Albatross Diomedea chrysostoma
    V. Rare. Coastal waters. Beachwashed specimen at Austinmer 21/6/75 (AB 10:63)
    only record.
11. Yellow -nosed Albatross Diomedea chlororhynchos
    V. Rare. Coastal waters. Occasionally identified feeding on cuttlefish with winter
    flocks of D. melanophrys.
12. White -capped Albatross Diomedea cauta
    WV. Scarce. Coastal waters (May -Nov). Several beachwashed specimens. N.Z. race
    salvini occasionally encountered at sea in late winter.
13. Sooty Albatross Phoebetria fusca
    V. Rare. Coastal waters. Beachwashed specimens from Corrimal 1/8/59 (Emu 61:
    197), Stanwell Park (two) and Bulli 21/6/75 (AB 10:63).
14. Light -mantled Albatross Phoebetria palpebrata
    V. Rare. Coastal waters. A live adult specimen examined and released at Port
    Kembla 23/6/75 (AB 10:63) only record.March, 1977 47.
15. Southern Giant -petrel Macronectes giganteus
    WV. Uncommon. Coastal seas mainly in winter. Rarely white -phase individuals are
    observed.
16. Northern Giant -petrel Macronectes halli
    WV. Scarce. Coastal seas in winter.
17. Antarctic Fulmar Fulmarus glacialoides
    V. Rare. Coastal seas. First NSW specimen beachwashed at Thirroul 17/7/54 (Emu
    55:152). One sight record from Stanwell Park 1/1/58 (Birds of Sydney p.22).
18. Cape Petrel Daption capense
    V. Scarce. Coastal seas. A few beachwashed specimens and sightings (June -Nov).
19. Great -winged Petrel Pterodroma macroptera
    V. Scarce. Coastal seas. Storm casualties have been found in most months though
    usually in summer.
20. White -headed Petrel Pterodroma lessoni
    V. Rare. Coastal seas. Five beachwashed specimens 1950-75 (April -July).
21. Providence Petrel Pterodroma solandri
    V. Rare. Coastal seas. Seven beachwashed specimens to 1975 (Nov -May).
22. Kerguelen Petrel Pterodroma brevirostris
    V. Rare. Coastal waters. Beachwashed examples from Thirroul 17/7/54, Bulli
    31/7/54, Port Kembla 18/10/54 (Emu 55:152-3).
23. Mottled Petrel Pterodroma inexpectata
    V. Rare Coastal waters. Beachwashed specimens from Port Kembla 10/11/66 and
    Coledale 2/4/67 (ABW 4:16).
24. Gould Petrel Pterodroma leucoptera
    V. Rare. Coastal waters. Subspecies leucoptera (to which the following specimens
    refer) breeds only on Cabbage Tree Is., off Port Stephens. Four storm casualties
    in Feb 1956 between Coledale and Bellambi. Also Bulli 2/1/63, Coledale 2/4/67.
25. Cook’s Petrel Pterodroma cookii
    V. Rare. Seldom visits Australian waters. Beachwashed at Port Kembla 7/1/67
    (ABW 4:17), second Australian record.
26. Blue Petrel Halobaena caerulea
    V. Rare. Of accidental occurrence in coastal waters. Specimens from Thirroul
    17/7/54 and Coledale (two) 18/7/54. Several collected on Sydney beaches in the
    same year (Emu 55:154).
27. Broad -billed Prion Pachyptila vittata
    V. Rare. Coastal seas. Two specimens from beaches north of Wollongong during
    abnormal prion mortality in July 1954.
28. Medium -billed Prion Pachyptila salvini
    V. Rare. Coastal seas. Occasionally beachwashed. Comprised 64% of the severe
    prion wreck in July 1954.
29. Antarctic Prion Pachyptila desolata
    WV. Uncommon. Coastal waters. An infrequent beach derelict depending on
    winter storm severity. Heavier mortalities in 1954, 1955, 1959, 1975.48. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
30. Slender -billed Prion Pachyptila belcheri
    V. Rare. Coastal waters. Six beachwashed at Thirroul and Coledale in July 1954.
    One at Bellambi 24/10/59.
31. Fairy Prion Pachyptila turtur
    WV. Moderately common. Small flocks inshore, most numerous in mid -winter. The
    commonest beachwashed prion.
32. Westland Black Petrel Procellaria westlandica
    V. Rare. Accidental in coastal seas. First Australian specimen at Corrimal 2/1/56
    (Emu 56:211-212). Breeds N.Z.
33. White -chinned Petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis
    V. Rare. Accidental. Three only Australian specimens up to 1975. One at Port
    Kembla 9/6/63 (Emu 64:72)
34. Flesh -footed Shearwater Puffinus carneipes
    SV. Moderately common. Coastal waters. Most beach derelicts Jan -Mar. Offshore
    feeding flocks noted from Kiama northwards in summer. Breeds Lord Howe Is.
35. Wedge-tailed Shearwater Puffinus pacificus
    SMB. Common. Coastal waters. Returning birds arrive in August. Breeds Five Is.
    (Nov -May). A few banded birds recovered up to 194 km NNE and one from the
    Philippines, 5800 km, 5 months after banding in Dec 1975 (ABB 14:76).
36. Grey -backed Shearwater Puffinus bulleri
    V. Rare. Coastal waters. Beachwashed at Woonona 14/11/54 and Thirroul
    13/10/62.
37. Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus
    SV and PM. Uncommon. Coastal waters. Rarely observed at sea but beach derelicts
    not infrequent Oct -Jan.
38. Short -tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris
    SMB and PM. Very common in coastal waters during southward migration (Sept –
    Jan). Heavy mortality in some years. Small breeding colony (less than 100 pairs)
    on Five Is. (Nov -May).
39. Fluttering Shearwater Puffinus gavia
    V. Common. Coastal waters. Large flocks from June to Dec. Frequently beach –
    washed Oct -Mar. Breeds N.Z.
40. Hutton’s Shearwater Puffinus huttoni
    V. Rare. Coastal waters. Six beachwashed specimens identified to 1975 (Oct -June).
    Breeds N.Z.
41. Little Shearwater Puffinus assimilis
    V. Rare. Coastal waters. An infrequent casualty during storms. Seven specimens
    recorded to 1975 (Nov -July)
42. Grey -backed Storm -petrel Oceanites nereis
    V. Rare. Coastal seas. First NSW specimen (3rd Australian) beachwashed at Bulli
    22/6/69 (ABW 4:17-18).
43. White-faced Storm -petrel Pelagodroma marine
    SMB. Uncommon. Coastal seas. Small nesting population on Five Is. declining.
    Breeds Oct -Feb. Infrequent beach derelicts in spring and summer only.March, 1977 49.
44. Common Diving -petrel Pelecanoides urinatrix
    V. Rare. Coastal seas. First NSW specimen beachwashed at Bellambi 27/8/61
    (Emu 62:210).
45. South Georgian Diving -petrel Pelecanoides georgicus
    V. Rare. Accidental occurrence. Only Australian record beachwashed at Bellambi
    28/12/58 (Emu 59:267).
46. Australian Pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus
    V. Moderately common, nomadic. Visits L. Illawarra, water storage reservoirs,
    inland rivers and estuarine inlets after dispersing from breeding grounds.
    One banded at Lake Cowal, NSW, recovered two years later at Bulli, 400 km
    east (ABB 4:18).
47. Australian Gannet Morus serrator
    V. Moderately common. Coastal seas. Present all the year. Occasionally feeding
    flocks of over 100. Beachwashed specimens mainly immatures. Most birds of
    N.Z. origin.
48. Darter Anhinga melanogaster
    V. Scarce. Swamps, lagoons fresh and tidal creeks. Singly or in pairs.
49. Pied Cormorant Phalacrocorax varius
    V. Uncommon. Nomadic. Estuaries, tidal creeks, water storage reservoirs, inland
    rivers.
50. Little Pied Cormorant Phalacrocorax melanoleucos
    V. Common and nomadic. Inland and coastal waterways, dams and estuaries.
51. Black Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo
    V. Common, nomadic. Coastal seas, fresh and saltwater lakes and estuaries.
    Occasionally flocks up to 400. Exceptionally numerous spring/summer 1976.
52. Little Black Cormorant Phalacrocorax sulcirostris
    V. Common, nomadic. Inland and coastal waters, rivers and estuaries. Small to
    large flocks.
53. Red-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda
    V. Rare. Coastal seas. Single bird recorded at Five Is. 13/11/55 (Emu 56:198).
54. White-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon lepturus
    V. Rare. Coastal seas. Beachwashed at Bellambi 1/4/61, Coledale 24/11/61 and
    Bulli 29/3/63.
55. White -necked Heron Ardea pacifica
    VB. Uncommon and nomadic. More numerous in some years e.g. 1976 when 75
    counted in one flooded paddock near L. Illawarra in Dec. Borders of freshwater
    swamps and flooded fields. Has nested near Moss Vale (1973).
56. White-faced Heron Ardea novaehollandiae
    VB. Common and nomadic. Population variable in numbers. Freshwater wetlands
    generally, coastal reefs occasionally. Nests irregularly west of L. Illawarra,
    Berrima district etc.50. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
57. Cattle Egret Ardeola ibis
    V. Uncommon but increasing, nomadic. Swamp margins, wet fields, grassy paddocks,
    usually near cattle. Most records from coastal lowlands. First observed Albion Park
    30/8/64. Increasing numbers visit the southern dairying districts near Nowra; an
    estimated 500 present in Sept 1976, most in breeding plumage. All had left by Dec.
    Singly or in flocks.
58. Large Egret Egretta alba
    V. Common, nomadic. Wetlands generally including tidal inlets. Mainly coastal.
    Usually observed singly.
59. Little Egret Egretta garzetta
    V. Uncommon and nomadic. Estuaries, inland and coastal lakes and lagoons. Form-
    erly rare. First recorded at Fairy Ck. Wollongong in June 1952.
60. Plumed Egret Egretta intermedia
    V. Scarce, nomadic. Lake edges, swamps. Single birds usually recorded.
61. Reef Heron Egretta sacra
    RB, V. Scarce. Rocky coasts and islands, sometimes observed at sea. White phase
    bird recorded at least once. Breeds Stack Is. and probably Five Is.
62. Mangrove Heron Butorides striatus
    VB. Rare, nomadic. Treelined coastal creeks, mudflats. Breeding records from Mac-
    quarie Rivulet and Duck Ck. (L. Illawarra).
63. Nankeen Night Heron Nycticorax caledonicus
    VB. Uncommon, nomadic. Creeks and rivers of the coast and tablelands. Nesting
    on the Wingecarribee R. near Berrima.
64. Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus
    V. Rare. Nomadic and probably resident. Seldom observed though there are summer
    and winter records. Swamps with good cover.
65. Black Bittern Dupetor flavicollis
    VB. Rare, nomadic. Timbered creeks near the coast. One recorded at Fairy Ck.
    Wollongong July 1952. Has nested at West Dapto and Jamberoo.
66. Brown Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus
    V. Scarce, nomadic. Commoner in drought years. Reedy swamps, overgrown ditches
    with good cover. Mainly coastal but also recorded on Wingecarribee R.
67. Jabiru Xenorhynchus asiaticus
    V. Rare. Nomadic. Freshwater swamps. A few records since 1957 e.g. Albion Park,
    Gerroa, Commonderry Swamp, Wingecarribee R. Has attempted to nest at Comm-
    onderry Swamp in 1974 (AB 9:81) and just beyond the County boundary near
    Nowra (Emu 63:201-206).
68. Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus
    V. Rare, nomadic. Freshwater wetlands and nearby paddocks. Flock of 14 recorded
    Wingecarribee R. Nov 1972. Usually singly in flocks of Straw -necked Ibis. More
    likely to be seen in drought years.
69. White Ibis Threskiornis molucca
    V. Moderately common, nomadic. Freshwater wetlands, estuaries and nearby padd-
    ocks. Commoner when dry seasons inland. Over 80 on mangrove mudflats at
    Minnamurra Feb 1976.March, 1977 51.
70. Straw- necked Ibis Threskiornis spinicollis
    V. Moderately common, nomadic. Similar in distribution and occurrence to the
    foregoing species, somewhat less numerous.
71. Royal Spoonbill Platalea regia
    V. Moderately common. Nomadic. Shallow water of swamp edges, farm dams and
    estuarine inlets. Small flocks (max. 40 Coomaditchee Lagoon, Mar 1965). Nestling
    banded at Sale, Vic. Dec 1974 found at Windang 8 months later (ABB 14:77).
72. Yellow -billed Spoonbill Platalea flavipes
    V. Uncommon, nomadic. Swamp and lake edges. Small groups usually 2-5 birds,
    15 L. Illawarra Feb 1976.
73. Black Swan Cygnus atratus
    V. Common, nomadic. Also RB in small numbers on reedy lagoons. Over 1000 at
    times on L. Illawarra. Occasionally observed on inshore seas.
74. Mountain Duck Tadorna tadornoides
    V. Rare. Single record from mudflats in western backwaters of L. Illawarra, 1972,
    and flocks (up to 12 birds) recorded on two occasions at Shoalhaven Heads, Dec
    1976.
75. Black Duck Anas superciliosa
    RB. Common and nomadic. Inland and coastal wetlands. Nesting Oct -Mar.
76. Mallard Anas platyrhynchos
    R. Rare. Could occur on lakes or ponds wherever native ducks gather. Originally
    from escaped stock. Albion Park, male, June 1970, Coomaditchee Lagoon Pt.
    Kembla, pair, Sept 1976.
77. Grey Teal Anas gibberifrons
    V. Moderately common. Nomadic. Numbers vary with inland seasonal conditions.
    Up to 100 have been observed on suitable swamps but usually less.
78. Chestnut Teal Anas castanea
    VB. Moderately common. Nomadic. Not so numerous as the Grey Teal. Lagoons
    and estuaries. Nesting west side of L. Illawarra in some years (Feb -Mar in 1976).
79. Shoveller Anas rhynchotis
    V. Uncommon and nomadic. Freshwater lagoons. First recorded at Albion Park
    Feb 1957. Twenty on Coomaditchee Lagoon Mar 1961.
    80, Pink -eared Duck Malacorhynchus membranaceus
    V. Uncommon and nomadic. Freshwater lagoons. Flocks of up to a dozen have
    been seen in dry years.
80. White -eyed Duck Aythya australis
    V. Uncommon and nomadic. Inland and coastal dams and lagoons. Most records
    refer to Coomaditchee Lagoon where 30 in May 1960. Usually less than a dozen.
81. Wood Duck Chenonetta jubata
    RB. Moderately common but scarce in some years. Agricultural dams, occasionally
    lagoons nearer the coast.
82. Musk Duck Biziura lobata
    RB. Uncommon, nomadic. Water storage reservoirs, lagoons and coastal lakes. Up
    to 24 have been observed on L. Illawarra.52. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
83. Osprey Pandion haliaetus
    V. Rare. Shoreline, estuaries, storage dams. A pair recorded at Cordeaux in 1936
    (The Aust. Naturalist, May 1948, p.196), and one Shoalhaven Heads, 25 Jan 1977.
84. Black -shouldered Kite Elanus notatus
    RB. Moderately common. Open country, grassland and crops over the whole County
    especially the coastal plain including well settled areas. Subject to cycles of
    abundance.
85. Letter -winged Kite Elanus scriptus
    V. Rare. A bird of the inland. Single record of a specimen collected at Wollongong
    June 1893 (Mathews ‘Birds of Australia’ 5:208).
86. Crested Hawk Aviceda subcristata
    V. Rare. Heavily timbered forests. The only record concerns several birds which
    appeared near Cordeaux about 1880 (The Aust. Naturalist, May 1948, p.196).
87. Black Kite Milvus migrans
    V. Rare. Single sight record from Camden in April 1954 following an irruption of
    the species into southern Australia from its normal tropical range. (Emu 55:76-7).
88. Whistling Kite Haliastur sphenurus
    VB. Uncommon resident. Moderately common in times of drought. Usually near
    water. Has nested L. Illawarra and Wingecarribee R.
89. Brown Goshawk Accipiter fasciatus
    RB. Uncommon. All types of forested country. Disperses widely after breeding
    season. Nesting Oct -Dec. Visits settled areas for poultry, pigeons.
90. Collared Sparrowhawk Accipiter cirrhocephalus
    RB. Uncommon. Possibly partly migratory. Heavy forest, occasionally hunts in
    settled areas.
91. Grey Goshawk Accipiter novaehollandiae
    RB. Uncommon. Rainforest and wet sclerophyll forests in mountainous or hilly
    country especially along coastal escarpment. White phase rarer. Occasionally both
    phases together, apparently paired.
92. White -breasted Sea -eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster
    RB. Moderately common. Fishes in estuaries, lakes, storage reservoirs and coastal
    seas where seabirds are also taken. One or two nest sites are often used repeatedly
    for years. Usually builds in trees, sometimes on escarpment cliffs. Nesting Winge-
    carribee R. near Berrima Nov 1975 (AB 10:67).
93. Wedge-tailed Eagle Aquila audax
    RB. Moderately common. More often seen in hilly country in the west of the
    County though coastal records are not uncommon.
94. Little Eagle Hieraaetus morphnoides
    VB. Scarce. Nomadic. Farmlands and forests. Single records from Albion Park,
    Wilton, Robertson and Bowral areas. Several nesting records west of L. Illawarra.
95. Swamp Harrier Circus aeruginosus
    RB. Uncommon and nomadic. Reedy swamps, lagoons and low-lying grassland.
    Becoming rarer in the County especially on the coast due to reduction of habitat.March, 1977 53.
96. Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus
    RB. Uncommon. Sedentary. Mountain gullies, escarpment and coastal cliffs. Nests
    between Coalcliff and Nowra but very thinly distributed.
97. Little Falcon Falco longipennis
    RB. Uncommon. Sedentary. Agricultural land, forest and open country including
    near settled areas on the coast.
98. Brown Falcon Falco berigora
    RB. Moderately common, sedentary. All types of open country from Five Is. to
    inland open forests including farmlands, heath, swamp and seashore.
99. Nankeen Kestrel Falco cenchroides
    RB. Common, sedentary. Grassland and open country generally. Avoids heavily
    forested regions.
100. Brush Turkey Alectura lathami
     Formerly RB when it was moderately common in the Illawarra rainforests. Prob-
     ably close to extinction in the County by 1900. Subsequent isolated reports from
     near Shoalhaven R. and Macquarie Pass Oct 1972 (Birds 7:95). Repeated sightings
     of single birds from near Bulli Pass Sept 1976 and Mt. Keira Nov 1975 are almost
     certainly aviary stock known to have escaped on hatching in recent years. Pair
     liberated at Mt. Keira in 1948.
101. Stubble Quail Coturnix pectoralis
     RB. Uncommon, nomadic. Grassland and crops. Numbers fluctuate greatly.
102. Brown Quail Coturnix australis
     RB. Uncommon, nomadic. Rank grassy areas bordering swamps, damp heath.
103. King Quail Coturnix chinensis
     V. Rare. Grassy swamp margins. Included on the basis of an adult male found dead
     at Stanwell Park Mar 1972 near a small tussock -bordered swamp (in Illawarra but
     not County of Camden) and a sighting at Yallah.
104. Painted Button -quail Turnix varia
     RB. Moderately common. Lightly forested areas, coastal heath. Records from sub-
     urban gardens in Wollongong area Sept -Oct 1974.
105. Land Rail Rallus philippensis
     R. Uncommon. Swampy localities with dense cover. Well distributed though seldom
     seen.
106. Water Rail Rallus pectoralis
     RB. Scarce. Probably also nomadic. Freshwater swamps and tidal creeks with good
     cover. Often falls prey to domestic cats.
107. Marsh Crake Porzana pusilla
     V. Rare, nomadic. Swampy localities, reedbeds. Specimen brought in by domestic
     cat, Thirroul Oct 1957. Recorded at Wingecarribee Swamp Jan 1961.
108. Spotless Crake Porzana tabuensis
     R. Scarce, nomadic. Coastal reedbeds and marshy areas. Recorded at Cordeaux.
     Occasional cat -killed specimens in settled areas.
109. Dusky Moorhen Gallinula tenebrosa
     RB. Moderately common, sedentary. Lakes, lagoons, reservoirs, tidal and freshwater
     creeks.54. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
110. Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio
     RB. Common. Sedentary, though numbers are often suddenly augmented by nom-
     adic birds. Young birds disperse widely. Reedy swamps and surrounding grassland.
     Nesting Aug -April.
111. Coot Fulica atra
     RB. Common. Lakes, lagoons and swamps with open water where large congreg-
     ations often occur outside the breeding season. Nesting Sept- April.
112. Brolga Grus rubicundus
     V. Rare. Shallow swamps and water meadows. Observed on three occasions (poss-
     ibly the same bird) near Wollongong May -June -July 1957, a drought year. (Emu
     58: 394).
113. Bush Stone -curlew Burhinus magnirostris
     RB. Rare, sedentary. Lightly timbered open country. Avoids heavy forest. Form-
     erly more plentiful.
114. Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis
     V. Rare, nomadic. Irregular. Grassy wetlands. Recorded from western margins of
     L Illawarra Mar 1970 and a male from near Wollongong Feb 1971 (Birds 6:84)
115. Pied Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus
     V. Rare. Probably sedentary. Estuaries, beaches, tidal mudflats e.g. Shoalhaven
     Heads, L. Illawarra. Attempted nesting recorded at mouth of Macquarie Rivulet.
     Spring and summer records only.
116. Sooty Oystercatcher Haematopus fuliginosus
     RB. Uncommon, sedentary. Coastal rock platforms, occasionally beaches. About
     five pairs nest on Five Is. County population 15-20 birds. Pairs or small flocks.
117. Masked Plover Vanellus miles novaehollandiae
     RB. Common, sedentary. Estuaries and mudflats, short grasslands usually near
     water, playing fields etc. Tends to form flocks outside the breeding season. Nesting
     Aug -Nov. Has increased since late 1940’s. (Formerly “Spur -winged Plover”)
118. Banded Plover Vanellus tricolor
     VB. Rare. Nomadic. Open grassy or bare areas not necessarily near water. Recorded
     from Berry, Nowra, Yallah (Oct 1975). Nested at Oak Flats (1952 and 1953, two
     pairs) and Albion Park (1955).
119. Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola
     SM and PM. Scarce (Oct -Jan). Tidal flats at Shoalhaven and L. Illawarra estuaries.
     Singly and flocks up to 20 in Oct.
120. Eastern Golden Plover Pluvialis dominica
     SM and PM. Moderately common (Aug -April). Estuaries, tidal flats, samphire swamps,
     short -grassed swampy areas near the coast. Generally a few at L. Illawarra and up to
     100 at Shoalhaven Heads. Some may overwinter.
121. Hooded Dotterel Charadrius rubricollis
     V. Rare. Ocean beaches. A pair at Shoalhaven Heads in June 1973 is the only
     County record. A resident of more southern beaches.March, 1977 55.
122. Mongolian Dotterel Charadrius mongolus
     SM and PM. Moderately common (Sept -April). Estuaries, coastal marshes. Usually
     small to medium flocks but up to 100 have been recorded at L. Illawarra and 250
     at Shoalhaven Heads in Jan 1974 (AB 9:85).
123. Double -banded Dotterel Charadrius bicinctus
     WM. Moderately common. Estuaries, tidal flats, coastal rock platforms, beaches and
     swamps. Jan -Sept. Flocks of up to 120 in mid -winter, a few remain over summer.
     Breeds N.Z.
124. Large- billed Dotterel Charadrius leschenaultii
     SM. Rare. Estuarine sandflats. Only recorded at Shoalhaven Heads and Windang
     (Oct -April).
125. Oriental Dotterel Charadrius veredus
     V. Rare. One record from Shoalhaven Heads Nov 1976.
126. Red -capped Dotterel Charadrius ruficapillus
     RB. Common, sedentary. Estuaries, beaches, dunes and tidal flats, rarely on inland
     rivers. Nests spring and summer. Flocks of over 100 noted at Shoalhaven Heads.
127. Black -fronted Dotterel Charadrius melanops
     RB. Moderately common, sedentary. Margins of brackish or freshwater swamps and
     lagoons, stony rivers and streams. Up to 15 have been seen together (March) but
     usually singly or in pairs. Nesting completed by January.
128. Pied Stilt Himantopus himantopus
     VB. Uncommon, nomadic. Tidal estuaries, shallow swamp margins, flooded lowlands,
     occasionally coastal rock platforms. At least four pairs nested Dapto Nov 1976.
     Rarely inland, several on Wingecarribee R., Bowral, Oct 1969. Singly, pairs or
     small flocks.
129. Banded Stilt Cladorhynchus leucocephalus
     V. Rare. Estuaries, sandspits and adjacent ocean beaches, tidal mudflats, shallow
     lagoons. One adult repeatedly seen from Dec 1961 to May 1963, also Jan -Mar
     1965 and May -June 1966; one immature Nov 1973, all at L. Illawarra entrance.
130. Turnstone Arenaria interpres
     SMV and PM. Uncommon. Some overwinter. Coastal rock platforms and reefs,
     beaches, occasionally estuarine sandflats. Up to 26 at Bellambi Pt. in summer.
131. Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis
     SMV and PM. Moderately common (Aug -April). Some overwinter. Estuaries, sand
     and mud flats, low rocky headlands and coastal seas when migrating. Usually a
     few at L Illawarra and up to 127 at Shoalhaven Heads.
132. Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus
     SMV and PM. Scarce (Sept -May). Some winter records. Singly or small parties.
     Estuarine flats, coastal rocks, Five Is.
133. Little Whimbrel Numenius minutus
     V. Rare. Usually prefers estuarine sandflats or short grassland near water. One
     County record from Five Is. Nov 1976.56. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
134. Grey -tailed Tattler Tringa brevipes
     SMV and PM. Uncommon (Sept -April), -so me overwinter. Estuarine sandflats, wave –
     washed rock shelves. Shoalhaven Heads 10 birds max. Occasional records of
     single birds at L. Illawarra entrance.
135. Wandering Tattler Tringa incana
     SM. Rare. Coastal rock shelves, reefs and islands. A specimen from Five Is. collected
     Feb 1913 is the only County record (Emu 43:274). Some sightings of Grey -tailed
     Tattlers may refer to this species as they are rarely distinguishable in the field.
136. Common Sandpiper Tringa Hypoleucos
     SM. Rare. Margins of rivers, lakes and marshes. Single birds recorded at Shoalhaven
     R, Jan 1959 (AB 10:9) Minnamurra R. Feb 1974 (AB 10:9), Duck Ck. Jan 1976
     and Macquarie Rivulet Feb 1976. The last two records in the western backwaters
     of L. Illawarra were possibly of the same bird.
137. Greenshank Tringa nebularia
     SM. Scarce (Sept -Mar). Shallow lake edges, estuaries, marshes. All records refer to
     single birds or small flocks at L. Illawarra or Shoalhaven Heads.
138. Japanese Snipe Gallinago hardwickii
     SM. Moderately common (Sept -Mar). Margins of swamps, grassy wetlands both
     coastal and inland.
139. Black -tailed Godwit Limosa limosa
     SM. Scarce (Aug -Mar). Estuarine sandflats. Very few records of either one or two
     birds mainly from L Illawarra entrance.
140. Bar -tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica
     SMV and PM. Common. Overwinters in reasonable numbers. Estuaries, tidal flats
     and shallow lake edges. Flocks of up to 150 at Shoalhaven Heads and L. Illawarra.
     Larger assemblies were recorded on the former Tom Thumb Lagoon now a devel-
     oped industrial site.
141. Knot Calidris canutus
     SMV and PM. Moderately common (Sept -April). Some overwinter. Estuaries, tidal
     flats, occasionally sea beaches. Small flocks usually. Up to 150 Shoalhaven Heads
     in Oct on passage.
142. Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris
     SM. Rare. Estuaries and sandflats. First recorded at L. Illawarra Jan 1956 with
     subsequent records in Oct 1959 (twice) and Jan 1974 (flock of 7) (AB 9:85) all
     in the same area.
143. Sharp -tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata
     SMV. Common (Aug -April). Estuaries, tidal flats, borders of fresh and saltwater
     lakes and lagoons, shallow salt marshes. Flocks of over 300 have been observed on
     former Tom Thumb Lagoon. Flocks of 100 max in recent years.
144. Red -necked Stint Calidris ruficollis
     SMV and PM. Common (July -April). Some overwinter. Coastal swamps and
     estuarine flats, occasionally freshwater marshes and coastal rock shelves. Small to
     large flocks (up to 500).March, 1977 57.
145. Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea
     SMV and PM. Moderately common. Some overwinter. Tidal sand and mudflats
     around lakes and shallow lagoons, estuaries. Small flocks sometimes up to 100.
146. Sanderling Calidris alba
     SM and PM. Scarce (Aug -April). Ocean beaches, estuaries, rarely samphire flats.
     Several records from Bellambi, Pon Kembla, Windang and Shellharbour (one to
     four birds). Shoalhaven Heads 17 present Feb 1967.
147. Broad -billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus
     SM. Rare. Tidal mudflats, beaches and estuaries. Single records from Wollongong
     Oct 1955, Windang and Warrawong (L. Illawarra) Feb 1963, Shoalhaven Heads
     Dec 1976.
148. Great Skua Stercorarius skua
     V. Rare. Coastal seas. Beach washed at Port Kembla 13/12/70, one found alive at
     Bulli 29/8/74.
149. Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus
     SM. Uncommon. Coastal seas especially around Five Is. where it harries gulls and
     terns for food. Three beachwashed specimens 1966-1975.
150. Pomarine Skua Stercorarius pomarinus
     SM. Moderately common. Habitat and habits as for Arctic Skua. Sometimes rests
     on beaches and floating driftwood. Singly or small flocks up to 10. Two beach –
     washed Jan 1964.
     152 Silver Gull Larus novaehollandiae
     RB. Very common. Sedentary and nomadic. Coastal waters, beaches, estuaries and
     most of the coastal plain especially urban and industrial areas, flooded fields and
     garbage dumps. Infrequent inland records from Berrima district. Nests on Five Is.
     Sept -Feb, 18 000 pairs in 1962, increasing. Dispersal after breeding mainly north-
     wards. Five Is. birds have been recovered on coasts of Queensland, Victoria and
     Tasmainia. One reached near Alive Springs NT, 2043 km (ABB 11:41).
151. Pacific Gull Larus pacificus
     V. Rare, nomadic. Harbours, beaches, L. Illawarra. Six occurrences of one or
     more birds since 1953 at Bellambi, Port Kembla and L. Illawarra. Immatures in
     winter (1953, 1955, 1965m 1973), adults in summer (1959).
152. Southern Black -backed Gull Larus dominicanus
     RB. Uncommon. Sedentary. Five Is. and adjacent seas, beaches, harbours and
     lagoons. Unknown in Australia before 1943. Three at Windang June 1953 (Emu
     55:98) first County record. Now breeds regularly on Five Is. (Oct -Feb), at least
     four pairs (ABB 8:32-33). Probably increasing.
153. Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida
     V. Rare, nomadic. Marshes, river inlets, flooded fields. Seven present over flooded
     area near Mullet Ck., Dapto, Dec 1976.
154. Gull -billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica
     V. Rare, nomadic. Lakes and lagoons, river estuaries. Single birds (possibly the
     same one) recorded near Shoalhaven entrance Nov/Dec 1976.58. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
155. Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia
     V. Uncommon, nomadic. L. Illawarra and Shoalhaven Heads, sandspits and sandflats.
     Both adults and immatures occur singly or in small groups in summer and flocks of
     up to 20 (L Illawarra) in winter.
156. Common Tern Sterna hirundo
     SM. Uncommon. Coastal seas, rock shelves and estuaries. Has been recorded at
     L Illawarra (Parks and Wildlife 1:105) Oct 1972, where also a beachwashed speci-
     men was found 29/11/73 and at Shoalhaven Heads Nov 1976. Usually impossible
     to separate in the field from Sterna striata, some of which may remain into summer.
     Probably more numerous than suspected. Moderately common north of the County
     (Botany Bay, Hunter estuary).
157. Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea
     SMV. Rare. Coastal seas, estuaries. Storm casualty at Thirroul 28/11/73.
158. White -fronted Tern Sterna striata
     WMV. Moderately common (Mar -Oct). Coastal seas, beaches and rock shelves, estua-
     rine sandflats. Largest flocks Aug -Oct, max 500 L. Illawarra, Oct 1954. Regularly
     beachwashed in winter and spring. Breeds N.Z.
159. Sooty Tern Sterna fuscata
     V. Rare. Coastal seas (Nov -Feb). Seven beachwashed 1957-1975, also one storm –
     blown recovery at Bargo Nov 1966. Sight records at Five Is. Nov 1958 (three birds)
     and Thirroul June 1975 (ten birds) during a gale. Breeds Lord Howe Is.
160. Little Tern Sterna albifrons
     SMB and PM. Moderately common (Sept -May). Coastal seas, estuaries, coastal lagoons,
     beaches, dunes and sandy wastelands. Largest flocks (over 200) at estuaries in Feb.
     Nesting Nov -Jan. Formerly at least seven nesting colonies between Bellambi Pt. and
     Shoalhaven R. now mostly abandoned due to industrial developments and human
     disturbance. Adult banded Port Kembla Dec 1963 recovered at Wamberal NSW,
     Feb 1971 (ABB 9:42).
161. Crested Tern Sterna bergii
     RB and V. Common, nomadic. Coastal seas, beaches and rock shelves, estuaries and
     harbours. Nests on Five Is. (up to 2000 pairs) from Oct. After nesting disperses
     coastwise in both directions, mostly within 400 km. Nestling banded Five Is. Nov
     1963 recovered Scarborough Q. July 1967 (875 km).
162. Common Noddy Anous stolidus
     V. Rare. Coastal seas, rock shelves. One collected off Kiama Mar 1937 (Emu 52:157).
     Sight records from Kiama Feb 1954 (Emu 55:69) and Bulli Mar 1957 (Emu 58:30).
163. Grey Ternlet Procelsterna albivittata
     V. Rare. Coastal seas. Specimen found on Windang beach 19/1/75 (AB 10:50).
164. White Tern Gygis alba
     V. Rare. Coastal seas. Beachwashed at Port Kembla 12/6/67 (ABW 4:17), the second
     Australian specimen.
165. Purple -crowned Pigeon Ptilonopus superbus
     V. Rare. Rainforest and lantana scrub. Specimen shot at Shellharbour Jan 1939
     (Emu 59:219). No recent records.March, 1977 59.
166. Wompoo Pigeon Ptilonopus superbus
     Formerly RB. Rainforest. No reports since 1920’s. Described and named from speci-
     men collected at Red Point, Port Kembla, c.1804.
167. Topknot Pigeon Lopholaimus antarcticus
     V. Moderately common, nomadic. Coastal rainforest and heavily timbered gullies,
     though occasionally observed in drier habitats. Flocks (up to 70) feed on fruiting
     native figs. Scarce in some years.
168. White -headed Pigeon Columba leucomela
     V. Scarce. Nomadic. Rainforest and wet sclerophyll. Two shot (illegally) near Mac-
     quarie Pass June 1965. One at Thirroul Oct 1972, four at Bulli Aug 1972 (Birds
     7:100) and three N of Sublime Pt. Austinmer Dec 1973 (Birds 8:109). Small
     numbers regularly visit Wongawilli during fruiting of particular native trees.
169. Domestic Pigeon Columba livia
     RB. Common, sedentary. Urban areas generally, parks and beaches. Nesting Five Is.
     (ABB 5:9) Flocks. Introduced species.
170. Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis
     RB. Common, sedentary. Urban areas generally, orchards etc. Less common away
     from the coast. Singly and pairs. Introduced species.
171. Brown Pigeon Macropygia amboinensis
     RB. Uncommon, sedentary. Rainforests and timbered gullies, mainly coastal. Singly
     or in pairs.
172. Peaceful Dove Geopelia striata
     RB. Moderately common. Sedentary. Open forests and agricultural land west of the
     escarpment and wider parts of the coastal plain. Pairs and small flocks.
173. Diamond Dove Geopelia cuneata
     V. Rare, nomadic. Open woodlands. Road casualty collected at Cambewarra Feb
     1941.
174. Bar -shouldered Dove Geopelia humeralis
     V. Rare. Timbered areas. Has been observed at Shoalhaven R. Dec 1966 and on top
     of escarpment near Bulli. Probable sighting of a pair at Douglas Park Oct 1975.
     Recorded on Comerong Is. (Shoalhaven Heads), just beyond County border, in Jan
175. Evidence of becoming consolidated as it spreads from the north.
176. Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica
     RB. Uncommon, sedentary. Coastal rainforest and wet sclerophyll, bush tracks and
     clearings. Has disappeared from many areas which it formerly inhabited. (Formerly
     “Green -winged Pigeon”).
177. Common Bronzewing Phaps chalcoptera
     R. Uncommon. Probably nomadic. Woodlands generally, rare in rainforest.
178. Brush Bronzewing Phaps elegans

RB. Moderately common. Sedentary. Heavy forest of the coast and inland, heath

lands. Commoner in the eastern parts of the County. Singly or in pairs.

180. Crested Pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes
     V. Scarce, nomadic. Agricultural and grazing country. Occurs only in the extreme
     northern corner of the County on each side of the Nepean R. Increasing.60. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
181. Wonga Pigeon Leucosarcia melanoleuca
     RB. Moderately common. Sedentary. Rainforest and wet sclerophyll. Mainly coastal
     but also occurs in the central areas of the County. Nesting from June. Singly or
     in pairs.
182. Glossy Black Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus lathami
     RB. Rare. Sedentary. Timbered mountain ranges and drier forests west of the coastal
     escarpment, casuarinas are essential. Specimens in the Australian Museum from Picton/
     Moss Vale (Emu 74:250). Family party of three birds near Werombi 3/1/77. Occas-
     ional sightings of supposed Red-tailed Black Cockatoos, C. magnificus, probably refer
     to this species.
183. Yellow -tailed Black Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus funereus
     RB, V. Uncommon, nomadic. Timbered mountain country, occasionally in more
     open forest and lightly settled areas. Flocks (up to 50) can appear in any month.
184. Gang -gang Cockatoo Callocephalon fimbriatum
     RB, V. Uncommon, nomadic. Forests in all parts of the County. Nesting Budderoo
     Plateau Nov 1954 (Emu 55:58) and Meryla. Pairs or small to large flocks.
185. Galah Cacatua roseicapilla
     RB, V. Moderately common. Open forest, agricultural land, urban fields. An uncomm-
     on visitor to the coast prior to 1960, now regularly seen in flocks (max. 100).
     Nesting reported Sept -Oct.
186. Sulphur -crested Cockatoo Cacatua galerita
     RB. Uncommon, nomadic. Most timbered areas and surrounding open country. Has
     recently penetrated to the coast in greater numbers. Singly or flocks.
187. Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus haematotus
     V. Uncommon, nomadic. Flowering eucalypts, coral trees. Formerly a common
     regular visitor. Subject to cycles of abundance the last being a minor irruption dur-
     ing 1971-73.
188. Scaly -breasted Lorikeet Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus
     V. Rare. Nomadic. Coastal forests. Single birds at Thirroul Oct 1973, most southern
     record, and Douglas Park April 1973.
189. Musk Lorikeet Glossopsitta concinna
     V. Uncommon, nomadic. Eucalypt forests, orchards. Particularly numerous in earlier
     years (North 3:50), now small irregular flocks though larger groups (up to 50) comm-
     only observed in 1972-73 (Birds 7:100).
190. Little Lorikeet Glossopsitta pusilla
     VB. Moderately common, nomadic. Flowering eucalypts. Nesting has been recorded
     along the Wollondilly R. Small to large flocks.
191. King Parrot Alisterus scapularis
     R. Moderately common, sedentary. Rainforest and wet sclerophyll of the coast and
     tablelands. Small flocks visit adjacent gardens Jan -Aug.
192. Cockatiel Nymphicus hollandicus
     V. Rare. Nomadic. Agricultural land, crops, open forest. Small flocks invaded the
     extreme north of the County during 1960, recorded at Douglas Park April 1963.
     Single birds in urban areas probably escapees.March, 1977 61.
193. Swamp Parrot Pezoporus wallicus
     RB. Uncommon. Sedentary. Moorland and heath. Found only at Barren Grounds
     Nature Reserve and on the Budderoo Plateau west to Carrington Falls. Possibly
     survives in similar habitats on the escarpment plateau. Formerly not uncommon on
     Maddens Plains. Census at Barren Grounds in 1975 revealed 47 adults and immatures
     (AB 10:74). (Formerly “Ground Parrot”)
194. Budgerygah Melopsittacus undulatus
     V. Rare. Nomadic. Lightly timbered and arid inland areas. Flock of c.50 birds seen
     at Mt. Keira in 1972. Coastal flocks were moderately common during Australia’s
     worst recorded drought 1895-1903.
195. Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor
     WV. Rare. Nomadic. Flowering eucalypts. Small autumn and winter flocks but appar-
     ently absent in some years. Burragorang Valley Mar 1941, Wilton 1969.
196. Crimson Rosella Platycercus elegans
     RB. Common, sedentary. Forests of the sandstone country, rainforest, coastal vege-
     tation and heath. Visits gardens. Small flocks.
197. Eastern Rosella Platycercus eximius
     RB. Common, sedentary. Open forest, farming areas, grassland. Avoids heavy forest.
     Pairs and small flocks.
198. Red-rumped Parrot Psephotus haematonotus
     VB. Rare. Nomadic. Agricultural areas and grasslands near open forest. Recorded
     several times in the Werombi area, also near Burradoo and Moss Vale. Flock of 100
     seen at Luddenham, just beyond the County, May 1963.
199. Turquoise Parrot Neophema pulchella
     V. Rare. Sedentary. Open forest, timbered rocky ridges, grassland. Recent records of
     two birds near Camden, Mar 1975, where it was quite common early this century,
     and one at Cordeaux Nov 1976. Also recorded at Wilton.
200. Pallid Cuckoo Cuculus pallidus
     SMB. Moderately common (Aug -Mar). Open forest and lightly timbered areas gener-
     ally, heaths above the coastal escarpment.
201. Brush Cuckoo Cuculus variolosus
     SMB. Moderately common (Oct -Feb). Rainforest, wet sclerophyll, open forest.
202. Fan -tailed Cuckoo Cuculus pyrrhophanus
     RB. Common. Nomadic in winter. All types of forested country. Silent during
     Jan -Marc
203. Rufous -tailed Bronze -cuckoo Chrysococcyx basalis
     SMB. Moderately common (Sept -Feb). Open forest and various woodland habitats,
     heath, farmlands, urban areas. (Formerly “Horsfield Bronze Cuckoo”)
204. Shining Bronze- cuckoo Chrysococcyx lucidus
     SMB. Moderately common (Oct -April). Similar habitats to the previous species but
     also penetrates heavier vegetation types. Includes two races C.I. lucidus (rare) and
     CL plagosus (moderately common) which was formerly known as “Golden Bronze
     Cuckoo”.
205. Indian Koel Eudynamys scalopacea
     SM. Rare (Oct -April). Heavy forests, native figs, fruits. Very few records mainly
     Nov -Dec, from Cordeaux, Thirroul, Bowral, Thirlmere, Shoalhaven R. near Nowra and
     Werombi. Probable nesting reported on Wollondilly R. north of Goodman’s Ford.62. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
206. Channel -billed Cuckoo Scythrops novaehollandiae
     SMB. Scarce. Forests and farmlands. Pair seen at Woonona Jan 1962 and Albion
     Park 1973 (Birds 8:112). Regularly recorded on the Wollondilly R. and in the Cord-
     eaux area, usually Oct -Nov. Nested Mt. Kembla 1972.
207. Pheasant Coucal Centro pus phasianinus
     V. Rare. Grassy swamplands, damp heaths and associated woodland. Recorded west
     of L. Illawarra 1973. Also 5 km N from top of Bulli Pass, Sept 1956. Prior to severe
     bushfires in 1968 was apparently resident in heathlands along the Mt. Keira/Wilton
     road.
208. Powerful Owl Ninox strenua
     V. Rare. Heavily timbered gullies. Probably resident in such habitats west of Mt.
     Kembla where it has often been heard. Reported sightings of a single bird at
     Meryla and a pair near Mittagong.
209. Spotted Owl Ninox novaeseelandiae
     RB. Moderately common. Forests generally and adjoining settled areas. Pairs.
     (Formerly “Boobook Owl”)
210. Barking Owl Ninox connivens
     R. Rare. Forests generally favouring lightly timbered types, old buildings. Shoal –
     haven Heads Jan 1970, Morton N.P. 1970 (Birds 5:73). Pair calling at Barren Grounds
     Nature Reserve April -Sept 1973.
211. Barn Owl Tyto alba
     RB. Moderately common. Nomadic. Timbered and settled areas. Roosts in hollow
     trees, leaft trees, caves, old buildings. Numerous in some years.
212. Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae
     RB. Scarce. Forests and open country, caves, tree hollows. Nested at Cambewarra
     1934 (Emu 34:196). Road casualty at Macquarie Pass May 1975.
213. Sooty Owl Tyto tenebricosa
     V. Rare. Rainforest, heavily timbered gullies. Single bird seen at Thirroul Sept 1949
     and April 1950. Also recorded from Berrima.
214. Tawny Frog mouth Podargus strigoides
     RB. Moderately common. Sedentary. Nocturnal. Forests generally and settled areas.
     Singly or in pairs.
215. Owlet -nightjar Aegotheles cristatus
     V. Rare. Nocturnal. Open forest. Specimen caught in mist net between Cordeaux
     and Cataract Dams Mar 1967.
216. White -throated Nightjar Caprimulgus mystacalis
     VB. Uncommon. Forested areas with little undergrowth. Summer records only (up
     to April), probably migratory. Nocturnal and crepuscular. Road -killed specimen from
     Mt. Keira, 1956. Nesting Cambewarra Dec 1934 (Emu 35:129).
217. Spine -tailed Swift Hirundapus caudacutus
     SM. Moderately common (Sept -Mar). Nomadic and competely aerial when present.
     Usually in areas of thunderstorm activity. Small to large flocks.March, 1977 63.
218. Fork -tailed Swift Apus pacificus
     SM. Scarce. Nomadic, aerial. Sometimes in combined flocks with the previous
     species.
219. Azure Kingfisher Ceyx azureus
     RB. Uncommon, sedentary. Coastal and inland rivers and streams. Singly or in
     paris.
     220 Kookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae
     RB. Very Common, sedentary. All types of forested country, urban and agricultural
     areas. Singly, pairs or small groups.
220. Sacred Kingfisher Halcyon sancta
     SMB. Common (Oct -Mar). Some birds overwinter. Open forest, sclerophyll forest
     and adjoining urban areas. Singly or pairs.
221. Rainbow Bee -eater Merops ornatus
     SMB. Uncommon (Oct -Feb). Open forest, sclerophyll and agricultural country along
     the Shoalhaven, Wollondilly and Nepean river systems. Nesting Douglas Park Nov
     1954, Burragorang Valley Dec 1958. Pairs or flocks.
222. Dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis
     SMB. Moderately common (Oct- Feb). Sclerophyll forests both coastal and inland
     and adjoining open country. Prefers to rest on dead trees or branches. Pairs or
     small groups.
223. Noisy Pitta Pitta versicolor
     Probably absent. Rainforest. Only known from two specimens which were shot
     near Wollongong in 1877 and 1883 (North 2:309, Birds of Sydney p. 110). Now
     regularly found only north of Taree.
224. Superb Lyrebird Menura novaehollandiae
     RB. Moderately common. Sedentary. Rainforest, sclerophyll forest, preferring moist
     gullies but found throughout the sandstone regions. Most common in coastal escarp-
     ment forests and adjoining tableland. Nests in winter. First known specimen taken
     near Bargo Jan 1798 (Emu 55:8).
225. Singing Bushlark Mirafra javanica
     V. Rare. Grassland and crops. Single record from Maldon Nov 1954 (Emu 55:67).
226. Common Skylark Alauda arvensis
     RB. Uncommon. Open fields and grasslands, flats surrounding lakes and swamps.
     Introduced.
227. White -backed Swallow Cheramoeca leucosterum
     RB, V. Rare. Nomadic. Open forest, farming areas, sandy river banks (for best
     burrows). Nepean and lower Wollondilly river valleys. Nesting Menangle Park Aug
     1940 (Emu 40:306). Recorded at Bent’s Basin Nov 1973.
228. Welcome Swallow Hirundo neoxena
     RB and PM. Very common. Sedentary. All habitats except heavy forest, particul-
     arly urban and agricultural. Nesting Aug -Dec preferring the shelter of man-made
     structures. Southern migration often observed along the beaches in the latter half
     of August.64. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
229. Tree Martin Cecropsis nigricans
     SMB. Moderately common (Aug -Mar). Some birds overwinter. Open forest and
     settled areas. Nesting Aug -Feb (e.g. in hollow eucalypts at Dapto). Small to large
     flocks.
230. Fairy Martin Cecropsis ariel
     SMB. Moderately common (Aug -Marl. Open country, rivers and streams. Nests (Aug-
     Janj in colonies, usually under bridges and in culverts. Flocks.
231. Richard’s Pipit Anthus novaeseelandiae
     RB. Common, sedentary. Short grasslands, cultivated areas, swampy flats, playing
     fields and open heathlands. Pairs or small flocks. (Formerly “Australian Pipit”).
232. Black -faced Cuckoo -shrike Coracina novaehollandiae
     RB, V. Common. All timbered country and urban areas with trees. Also part migrant
     or nomadic, movements not fully understood. Pairs or small flocks.
233. White -bellied Cuckoo -shrike Coracina papuensis
     RB, V. Scarce. Sclerophyll forest mainly away from the coast. Nesting at Cordeaux
     in 1938-39 and Wilton Nov 1975. (Formerly “Little Cuckoo -shrike”)
234. Cicadabird Coracina tenuirostris
     SMB. Uncommon (Nov -Feb). Along the ridges of sclerophyll forests in the coastal
     ranges and tablelands. Singly or in pairs.
235. White -winged Triller Lalage sueurii
     SMB. Uncommon (Sept -Feb). Open forests usually with low shrub layer.
     sandstone forests but found in unusual habitats during passage. Moderately common
     in some years. Pairs, small flocks.
236. Red -whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus
     RB. Moderately common, sedentary. Urban and agricultural areas, orchards, black-
     berry undergrowth, edge of rainforest and wet sclerophyll. First recorded Wollongong
     1948, Camden 1956. Introduced. Spreading southwards. Singly, pairs or small groups.
237. Scaly Thrush Zoothera dauma
     RB. Uncommon, sedentary. Floors of rainforest and wet sclerophyll with leaf litter.
     Coastal escarpment forests and tablelands. Occasionally visits gardens of adjoining
     urban areas in winter, probably nomadic at this time. Pairs and family groups.
     (Formerly “Ground Thrush”)
238. Common Blackbird Turdus merula
     RB. Uncommon, sedentary. Gardens in urban areas and thickets in surrounding
     countryside. With few exceptions (Cordeaux, Barrallier) confined to towns on the
     Moss Vale plateau (Robertson, Moss Vale, Berrima etc.). Pairs and small flocks.
     Introduced. Probably increasing.
239. Rose Robin Petroica rosea
     RB. Scarce. Rainforest and thickly timbered gullies of the coast and tablelands,
     often nomadic in autumn and winter moving into more open timber, rarely
     gardens. Nesting at Cordeaux Nov 1954 (Emu 55:61).
240. Flame Robin Petroica phoenicea
     RB. Uncommon. Elevated timbered areas. Disperses to lightly timbered agricultural
     and parklands in winter, occasionally reaching the coast. Nesting Macquarie Pass and
     Carrington Falls Nov 1954 (Emu 55:61). Singly or in pairs.March, 1977 65.
241. Scarlet Robin Petroica multicolor
     RB and WV. Uncommon. Timbered tableland areas in spring and summer, rarely
     on the escarpment slopes. Nomadic in winter when it disperses into more open
     country. Nesting Carrington Falls Oct 1954 (Emu 55:60). Singly or in pairs.
242. Red -capped Robbin Petroica goodenovii
     R and WV. Scarce, nomadic. Open grassy forests, attracted to casuarinas and mela-
     leucas. Confined mainly to the western parts of the County (shale country). More
     common in winter. Recorded from Burragorang Valley and Bowral (Emu 32:109).
     Singly or pairs.
243. Hooded Robin Melanodryas cucullata
     R. Scarce. Open forest, partly cleared lands in the drier western parts of the
     County. Found at Wilston, Berrima, Goodman’s Ford etc. and isolated records
     from Cambewarra in 1937-38.
244. Eastern Yellow Robin Eopsaltria australis
     RB. Common, sedentary. All types of forest throughout the County. Singly or in
     pairs.
245. Jacky Winter Microeca leucophaea
     RB. Moderately common, sedentary. Open forest country, agricultural and parklands
     avoiding thicker forests and heavily settled areas. Singly or in pairs.
246. Crested Shrike -tit Falcunculus frontatus
     RB. Uncommon, comadic. Sclerophyll forests, both tall trees and regrowth saplings.
     Pairs and small parties.
247. Olive Whistler Pachycephala olivacea
     V. Rare. Thick forests of the coastal range. Recorded twice at Cordeaux in the
     1930’s (Australian Naturalist, May 1948). A museum specimen was collected at
     Cambewarra Mountain in Nov 1881. (North 2:34)
248. Golden Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis
     RB. Moderately common. Nomadic. Rainforest and wet sclerophyll during spring
     and summer extending into forest country generally for the rest of the year.
     Singly or pairs.
249. Rufous Whistler Pachycephala rufiventris
     SMB. Common (Oct -May). All types of forest country avoiding only the rainforest
     and densely timbered areas. Singly or in pairs.
250. Grey Shrike -thrush Colluricincla harmonica
     RB. Common, sedentary. All types of forest country, also parks, golfcourses,
     gardens. Nesting Aug -Jan. Pairs, usually solitary in winter.
251. Black -faced Monarch Monarcha melanopsis
     SMB. Common (Sept -May). Rainforest and wet sclerophyll forests of the coast and
     nearby tablelands. Nesting Oct -Feb. Singly or in pairs. (Formerly “Black -faced Fly-
     catcher”)
252. Spectacled Monarch Monarcha trivirgatus
     V. Rare. Rainforest, densely timbered gullies. One record only of a bird repeatedly
     observed at West Depto Nov 1975. (Formerly “Spectacled Flycatcher”)66. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
253. Leaden Flycatcher Myiagra rubecula
     SMB. Moderately common (late Sept -April). Timbered areas throughout the county.
     Nesting Oct -Jan. Singly or in pairs. Passage birds frequently seen in suburban gardens
     especially in autumn.
254. Satin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleuca
     SMB and PM. Scarce. Sclerophyll forests of the tablelands. Passage birds mainly by-
     pass the County, to the west. Nesting recorded in the Berrima district, observed at
     Carrington Falls and Barren Grounds, Nov 1954 (Emu 55:60).
255. Restless Flycatcher Myiagra inquieta
     RB. Uncommon, sedentary. Open forest, lightly timbered farmlands. Slightly nomadic
     in autumn and winter when it may be found in other habitats. Singly or in pairs.
256. Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons

SMB. Moderately common (late Sept -April). Rainforest and wet sclerophyll forest.

Passage birds appear briefly in various habitats open forest, urban gardens etc.
Singly or in pairs.

258. Grey Fantail Rhipidura fuliginosa
     RB. Very common. Nomadic in winter. All types of forest throughout the County,
     spreading into more open country outside the breeding season. Nesting Oct -Feb.
     Singly or in pairs. Small flocks and single birds in winter often assoiated with mixed
     feeding flocks of thornbills etc.
259. Willie Wagtail Rhipidura leucophrys
     RB. Very common. Sedentary. Open forest, timbered watercourses, farmlands and
     urban areas with trees, golf courses, parks etc. Somewhat nomadic in winter. Singly,
     in pairs or family groups. Often associates with grazing animals.
260. Spine -tailed Chowchilla Orthonyx temminckii
     RB. Scarce, sedentary. Floors of coastal rainforest. An isolated population at the
     southern limit of its range. Nesting July -Dec. Pairs and family groups. (Formerly
     “Spine -tailed Logrunner”).
261. Eastern Whipbird Psophodes olivaceus
     RB. Common, sedentary. Low tangled undergrowth of set sclerophyll and rainforests,
     blackberry and lantana thickets, thick creekside vegetation. Often content with small
     residual patches of undergrowth in relatively settled areas. Nesting from July. Pairs
     or small groups but more often heard than seen.
262. Spotted Quail -thrush Cinclosoma punctatum
     RB. Uncommon, sedentary. Forests of the sandstone areas specially stony ridges,
     occasionally heathlands and the lightly timbered foothills of the coastal escarpment
     (Albion Park May 1969). Nesting Aug -Oct. Singly, pairs or family groups.
263. Clamorous Reed Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus
     SMB. Moderately common (Aug -April). Some stay over winter. Reedbeds of swamps
     and rivers throughout the County including small reed patches in settled areas.
     Coastal habitat being steadily reduced by filling of swamps. Pairs, small groups
     after nesting.
264. Little Grassbird Megalurus gramineus
     RB, V. Uncommon. Sedentary with some nocturnal movements of unknown extent.
     Reedy swamps and lagoons, rank grassland and clumpy vegetation around lake
     margins. Nesting mainly Sept -Dec. Usually heard rather than seen.March, 1977 67.
265. Golden -headed Cisticola Cisticola exilis
     RB. Moderately common, sedentary. Rank grasslands especially around swampy
     areas and saline backwaters. Commonest along the coastal strip. Nesting Sept -Mar.
     Pairs, small flocks in winter.
266. Rufous Songlark Cinclorhamphus mathewsi
     SMB. Uncommon. Irregular migrant, variable in abundance. Lightly timbered
     grassland. Nesting at Douglas Park Nov 1975 and along Wollondilly R. Several
     records from Dapto/Albion Park. Winter record near Werombi June 1967.
267. Brown Songlark Cinclorhamphus cruralis
     VB. Scarce (Sept -Feb). Irregular migrant. Open grassy areas, grazing farmlands,
     crops. Recorded from Maldon Nov 1954 (Emu 55:63), Werombi Sept 1972,
     Berry Dec 1976 (8 birds) and Dapto Nov 1976 where at least two pairs were
     apparently nesting. Nesting Pig Is. in the Shoalhaven R. during 1950’s and Jam-
     beroo 1967.
268. Superb Blue Wren Malurus cyaneus
     RB. Very common, sedentary. Parks and gardens of settled areas, woodlands and

open country with low undergrowth, tangled creekside vegetation. Nesting Aug

Feb. Small parties.

269. Variegated Wren Malurus lamberti
     RB. Moderately common, sedentary. Undergrowth of the sandstone area and
     coastal forest edges, heathlands, creekside vegetation. Nesting Jan. Small parties.
270. Southern Emu -wren Stipiturus malachurus
     RB. Uncommon, sedentary. Coastal and elevated heathlands, low vegetation border-
     ing margins of undisturbed coastal wetlands. Pairs and small parties.
271. Eastern Bristlebird Dasyornis brachypterus
     RB. Scarce. Sedentary. Elevated heathlands of the Barren Grounds/Carrington Falls
     area. Also recorded from similar habitat west of Mt. Kembla (Emu 46:260) and
     hillside lantana scrub near Jamberoo (1967). Nesting Aug -Dec. A vulnerable species
     of very restricted distribution subject to habitat reduction from bushfires.
272. Pilotbird Pycnoptilus floccosus
     RB. Uncommon, sedentary. Floor of rainforest, thickly timbered gullies and hill-
     sides along the coastal escarpment and feeder creeks to the storage dams. Occasion-
     ally in creekside undergrowth and rocky ridges of the sandstone country. Nesting
     Oct- Mar. Pairs.
273. Rock Warbler Origma solitaria
     RB. Moderately common, sedentary. Throughout the sandstone area favouring
     cliffs and rocky outcrops where its nest is attached to the roofs of caves or over-
     hangs. Nesting Aug -Dec. Pairs (mainly) or small groups.
274. Large -billed Scrubwren Sericornis magnirostris
     RB. Uncommon, sedentary. Rainforest, wet sclerophyll forest especially tangled
     creekside growth. Pairs or small groups.
275. Yellow -throated Scrubwren Sericornis citreogularis
     RB. Moderately common, sedentary. Rainforest and wet sclerophyll especially
     along creeks and in the damper situations with ample undergrowth. Ground feeder.
     Singly or in pairs.68. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
276. White-browed Scrubwren Sericornis frontalis
     RB. Common, sedentary. Low undergrowth in all kinds of forest country including
     coastal scrub, creeksides and heathland. Also in thick cover around coastal wetlands.
     Pairs or small groups.
277. Chestnut-rumped Hylacola Sericornis pyrrhopygius
     RB. Uncommon, sedentary. Heath country of the coast and tablelands, also low
     thick undergrowth in dry woodlands. Singly, pairs or small groups. (Formerly
     “Heath Wren”)
278. Speckled Warbler Sericornis sagittatus
     RB. Scarce. Open floor of dry sclerophyll woodland. Recorded from shale country
     mainly on the western side of the County (Paddy’s River, Wollondilly River and
     Wilton).
279. Weebill Smicrornis brevirostris
     RB. Moderately common, sedentary. Drier sclerophyll forest of the central and
     western regions and isolated patches of similar vegetation on the coastal plain e.g.
     Yallah. Low to moderate tree height preferred. Nesting July -Dec. Pairs and small
     flocks.
280. Brown Warbler Gerygone mouki
     RB. Moderately common, sedentary. Rainforest and moist sclerophyll gullies but
     foraging further afield in winter. Nesting from Sept. Pairs and small flocks.
281. White -throated Warbler Gerygone olivacea
     SMB. Common (Sept -Mar). Open forests generally, avoiding rainforest and heavy
     wet sclerophyll. Spring pass’age birds however may occur in these habitats. Singly
     or in pairs.
282. Brown Thornbill Acanthiza pusilla
     RB. Very common, sedentary. Wet and dry sclerophyll of the coast and sandstone
     areas with ample undergrowth, mangroves. Becoming rarer towards the west. Nest-
     ing Aug -Dec. Pairs (usually) or small groups.
283. Buff-rumped Thornbill Acanthiza reguloides
     RB. Moderately common, sedentary. Drier open forests of the sandstone and
     central plateau, elevated heathy woodland. Occasionally on the coast e.g. Shoal –
     haven Heads. Nesting Aug -Dec. Small flocks (usually) or pairs. Feeds on or near
     the ground.
284. Yellow-rumped Thornbill Acanthiza chrysorrhoa
     RB. Common, sedentary. Timbered grasslands, open forest and farmlands, hedges,
     parklands. Avoids heavy forest, rare in the northern coastal strip. Nesting from
     July. Mostly in small flocks. Ground feeder.
285. Yellow Thornbill Acanthiza nana
     RB. Common, sedentary. All types of forest throughout the County especially
     acacias, turpentines, riverside casuarinas. Nesting Aug -Dec. Pairs and small flocks.
     (Formerly “Little Thornbill”)
286. Striated Thornbill Acanthiza lineata
     RB. Common, sedentary. Sclerophyll forests of the coast and tableland. Often
     with Little Thornbills in mixed feeding flocks favouring eucalypts of sapling height.
     Nesting from July. Pairs and flocks of up to a dozen or more.March, 1977 69.
287. Southern Whiteface Aphelocephala leucopsis
     V. Rare. Dry timbered grasslands, sparse dry sclerophyll, old orchards etc. Isolated
     records from Wilton, Bullio, Cambewarra (1930’s) and Bundanoon May 1947.
     Likely to occur in the south-western and northern corners of the County. Singly,
     pairs or small flocks.
288. Varied Sittella Daphoenositta chrysoptera chrysoptera
     RB. Uncommon, sedentary. Sclerophyll forest of the drier open type. Coastal dune
     forest near Shoalhaven Heads. Small flocks. (Formerly “Orange -winged Sittella”)
289. White -throated Treecreeper Climacteris leucophaea
     RB. Common Sedentary. All types of forest including rainforest. Spirals up trunks
     and along branches of trees. Singly or in pairs, occasionally in scattered groups.
290. Red-browed Treecreeper Climacteris erythrops
     R. Uncommon. Sedentary. Thicker damp sclerophyll forest scattered throughout
     the County e.g. Barren Grounds, Picton Lakes, Cataract Dam, Berrima. Forages
     similarly to White -throated but usually at higher levels. Singly or in pairs.
291. Brown Treecreeper Climacteris picumnus
     R. Uncommon, sedentary. Open forests, semi -cleared land. Prefers rough -baked
     trees but often forages on the ground. Singly or in pairs. Very rare near the coast.
292. Red Wattlebird Anthochaera carunculata
     RB. Common, nomadic. Open forest and wet sclerophyll following the blossoms.
     Forms flocks in April/May when many move on to the banksia heaths.
293. Little Wattlebird Anthochaera chrysoptera
     RB. Very common, nomadic. Sandstone heath country, coastal dune forest and
     heath, banksias, sclerophyll forests near the coast and nearby gardens. Nesting
     Aug -Nov. Singly or pairs, flocks in autumn and winter.
294. Noisy Friarbird Philemon corniculatus
     RB. Uncommon, nomadic. Dry sclerophyll forests of the highlands, rarely on the
     coast. More numerous in western parts of County (Wollondilly R). Nesting at
     Wilton Oct 1975. Pairs, small flocks.
295. Little Friarbird Philemon citreogularis
     VB. Scarce. Dry sclerophyll forests. Normally a bird of the inland. Several coastal
     records in 1968-69 in Kiama /Jamberoo/Depto area. Nested at Dapto.
296. Regent Honeyeater Xanthornyza phrygia
     VB. Uncommon, nomadic. Open woodland in the drier areas, banksias, silky oak
     etc. when in flower. Most numerous (flocks of up to 15) along Wollondilly R.
     where nesting has been recorded. Also observed at Wilton Nov 1954 (Emu
     55:66) and early records from Cordeaux. Pairs and small flocks.
297. Bell Miner Manorina melanophrys
     RB. Uncommon, sedentary. Sclerophyll forest, tall eucalypts with undergrowth
     usually in damp situations. Colonies are known from Shoalhaven R. near Tallong,
     Wollondilly R. near Barrallier and the Nepean catchment at the northern end of
     the County. Coastal colonies e.g. Wongawilli, existed up to c.1920.
298. Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala
     RB. Moderately common, sedentary. Open forest, partly cleared agricultural and
     grazing land. Avoids the sandstone areas and coast north of Wollongong. Main-
     tains loose colonies.70. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
299. Lewin’s Honeyeater Meliphaga lewinii
     RB. Very common, sedentary. Rainforest, wet sclerophyll. Spreads into adjoining
     forest types and gardens in autumn and winter. Singly or pairs, occasionally small
     flocks.
300. Yellow- faced Honeyeater Lichenostomus chrysops
     RB, WV and PM. Very common. Forest country generally, especially creekside
     eucalypts. Coastal and elevated heaths in autumn and winter. Winter visitors and
     passage migrants arrive from the south in April/May using both inland and coastal
     flyways and return Aug/Sept. Pairs, small to large flocks.
301. White -eared Honeyeater Lichenostomus leucotis
     RB. Moderately common, sedentary. Dry sclerophyll scrub of the shale and sand-
     stone areas, healthy woodlands, stoney ridges. Rarely reaches coastal lowlands.
     Singly or in pairs.
302. Yellow -tufted Honeyeater Lichenostomus melanops
     RB. Moderately common. Sedentary. Medium to tall eucalypt forest with adequate
     shrub layer. Associates in colonies usually on or near the major rivers especially the
     Nepean and tributaries. Rare or absent from the coastal plain. Banding shows some
     winter movement to heaths on the escarpment.
303. Fuscous Honeyeater Lichenostomus fuscus
     V. Uncommon. Open forest of the shale country, ironbarks, etc. Probably resident
     in the Bargo area. August nesting recorded at Wilton. Occurs rarely nearer the coast
     in winter, preferring healthy woodland. Singly or small flocks.
304. White -plumed Honeyeater Lichenostomus penicillatus
     RB. Scarce, sedentary. Forest country along the Wollondilly R, Goodman’s Ford to
     Barrallier and probably downstream to Penrith. Isolated coastal records from Thirroul,
     Mar 1956, and regular sightings from North Wollongong. Usually small flocks.
305. Black -chinned Honeyeater Melithreptus gularis
     RB. Rare. Open forest of the shale country. Nesting near Wilton Oct 1954 (Emu
     55:66). Probably nomadic in autumn and winter. Pairs, small flocks.
306. Brown -headed Honeyeater Melithreptus brevirostris
     V. Uncommon. Open dry sclerophyll forests of the shale and sandstone. Occasional
     winter records from coastal heaths and banksias. Pairs, small flocks.
307. White-naped Honeyeater Melithreptus lunatus
     RB, WV and PM. Moderately common. Forest country generally. Population aug-
     mented May -Sept by winter visitors and passage migrants from the south. Assoc-
     iates with Yellow -faced Honeyeaters on migration though maintaining separate
     flocks. Pairs, small to medium flocks.
308. Brown Honeyeater Lichmera indistincta
     V. Rare. Nomadic. Mangroves, woodlands, parks and gardens. Recorded at Thirroul
     Oct 1959 and Oct 1965. Reports from Wollongong Oct -Nov 1965 were also prob-
     ably this species indicating a minor influx. All in suburban gardens. Southern limit
     of distribution.
309. Crescent Honeyeater Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera
     R. Uncommon, nomadic. Wet sclerophyll especially in the upper gullies of Kangaroo
     Valley and the water catchment reservoirs. Elevated heathlands, banksias, in autumn
     and winter. Pairs or small groups.March, 1 977 71.
310. New Holland Honeyeater Phylidonyris novaehollandiae
     RB. Very common, sedentary. Heathland, sandstone and coastal dune forest favour-
     ing banksias and melaleucas, urban parks and gardens. Nesting in any month. Pairs
     and small flocks.
311. White -checked Honeyeater Phylidonyris nigra
     RB. Uncommon, sedentary. Similar habitat preferences to the previous species with
     which it often associates, though rarely seen beyond the coast and nearby elevated
     heathlands. Singly, pairs or small groups.
     31 2. Tawny -crowned Honeyeater Phylidonyris melanops
     RB. Uncommon, sedentary. Low heathland with few trees. Moderately common at
     Barren Grounds Nature Reserve, Maddens Plains and similar habitats close to the
     escarpment edge. Pairs and small groups.
312. Eastern Spinebill Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris
     RB. Very common, sedentary. Forest country where a suitable shrub layer occurs,
     heath, orchards, parks, home gardens. Singly, pairs or small groups.
313. Scarlet Honeyeater Myzomela sanguinolenta
     SVB. Scarce, nomadic. Eucalypt forests usually when in blossom, also sandstone
     heaths. Flocks have been observed at Nattai R. and north of Shoalhaven Heads.
     Breeding recorded near Wollongong 1950. Pairs and small to medium flocks.
     31 5. White -fronted Chat Ephthianura albifrons
     RB. Uncommon, sedentary. Coastal samphire flats, lowland with stunted bushes
     and tussocks bordering saline swamps and lagoons. Pairs and small flocks. Industrial
     and urban expansion are reducing available habitat.
     31 6. Mistletoebird Dicaeum hirundinaceum
     RB. Common, nomadic. All forest types whereever parasitic mistletoe occurs. Feeds
     almost exclusively on the fruits of these plants. Pairs, small flocks.
314. Spotted Pardalote Pardalotus punctatus
     RB. Common. Partly nomadic or migratory. Outer foliage of most forest areas,
     parks, gardens. Nests in earth banks, occasionally tree hollows. Pairs or small flocks.
     Large flocks move northward in April/May.
315. Straited Pardalote Pardalotus striatus
     (The following three birds, formerly regarded as separate species are now considered
     conspecific under Pardalotus striatus. Being morphologically distinct when closely
     observed however, they are here listed separately under their subspecific names).
     Pardalotus striatus striatus
     WV. Uncommon. Sclerophyll forests. Breeds mainly in Tasmania, moves up the east
     coast in winter, in varying strength. Fairly regularly seen in the Werombi area and
     in heathy woodland west of Mt. Keira. Specimen from Mt. Keira Aug 1951.
     Relative abundance not exactly known due to confusion with the following two
     pardalotes. (Formerly “Yellow -tipped Pardalote”)
     Pardalotus striatus ornatus
     RB. Moderately common. Open forests of the coast and highlands, rare in sand-
     stone areas. Nests in tree hollows or earth banks. Pairs or small flocks. (Formerly
     “Eastern Striated Pardalote”)72. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
     Pardalotus striatus substriatus
     V. Uncommon. Open forest in central and western parts of the County. Considered
     by observers in these areas to be resident and breeding. (Formerly “Striated Par-
     dalote”)
316. Silvereye Zosterops lateralis
     RB, WV and PM. Very common. All types of forest country, orchards and farm-
     land, urban parks and gardens. Southern birds from as far as Tasmania winter in
     the County (April -Sept) or pass through to the north. Residents nesting Oct -Feb.
     One banded Mt. Keira April 1968 recovered near Wonthaggi, Vic, Jan 1971 (ABB
     9:43). Pairs and small to large flocks.
317. European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis
     RB. Moderately common, sedentary. Grasslands, parks, agricultural and urban areas
     throughout the County. Small to large flocks. Introduced.
318. House Sparrow Passer domesticus
     RB. Very common. Sedentary. Urban areas and farmland, wherever human settle-
     ment is established. Flocks. Introduced.
319. Red-browed Firetail Emblema temporalis
     RB. Very common, sedentary. Edges and clearings of forests, scrubby vegetation
     bordering swamps and creeks, parks and gardens. Partly nomadic in autumn and
     winter. Nesting Oct -Feb. Flocks up to 100. (Formerly “Red-browed Finch”)
320. Beautiful Firetail Emblema bella
     RB. Scarce. Sedentary. Low heathlands, banksias. Restricted to suitable heath
     patches close to the coastal and Kangaroo Valley escarpments. Nesting recorded
     at Barren Grounds Nature Reserve. Small flocks.
321. Diamond Firetail Emblema guttata
     RB. Uncommon. Open forest and partly cleared lands, usually near water,
     orchards. Formerly numerous around foothills of coastal escarpment. Lightly
     distributed throughout the County, commonest in the west (Wollondilly R) and
     north. Small to large flocks.
322. Zebra Finch Poephila guttata
     RB, V. Uncommon. Grasslands with clumpy bushes, grazing country. Flock of
     400 at Douglas Park June 1956. Nesting recorded at Bass Pt. Numbers probably
     influenced by inland drought conditions. Usually small flocks.
323. Double -barred Finch Poephila bichenovil
     RB. Moderately common, sedentary. Open forest, creeksides, grasslands and
     orchards of the coast and tablelands. Pairs and small flocks.
324. Chestnut -breasted Mannikin Lonchura castaneothorax
     R. Uncommon. Agricultural areas, grassy swamplands, low-lying wasteland with
     rank vegetation. Small numbers have been repeatedly seen in the Port Kembla
     area, small to large flocks on Nepean R. from Douglas Park northwards. Early
     records from Kiama. (Formerly “Chestnut -breasted Finch”)
325. Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris
     RB. Very common, sedentary. Open forest, agricultural and urban areas. Forms
     large flocks and occupies communal roosts in autumn and winter. Introduced.March, 1977 73.
326. Common Myna Acridotheres tristis
     RB. Moderately common, sedentary. Cities and towns, dumps, roadsides. Spreading
     southward along the highways from County of Cumberland. First appeared in Woll-
     ongong district 1961. Small flocks, pairs. Introduced and increasing.
327. Olive -backed Oriole Oriolus sagittatus
     RB. V. Moderately common. Most forest types, creek and riverside vegetation. cas-
     uarinas, white cedars. Nesting recorded at Yallah. Nomadic in autumn and winter,
     may be partly migratory. Singly, pairs or small flocks.
328. Green Figbird Sphecotheres viridis
     VB. Scarce. Rainforest and coastal scrubs. Also found in isolated native fig trees
     in coastal parks and settled areas. Nesting in beachfront figs at Shellharbour Dec
329. Summer records from Kiama, single bird Bulli Pass April 1976. Probably
     migratory.
330. Spangled Drongo Dicrurus hottentottus
     WM. Scarce. Coastal forests, dune forests, settled areas, flowering coral trees. Most
     records are of passage birds Feb -April. One on Five Is. April 1970. Singly, pairs
     occasionally.
331. Satin Bowerbird Ptilonorhynchus violaceus
     RB. Common. Sedentary. Rainforest, wet sclerophyll, occasionally more open
     country. In autumn and winter flocks forage locally in urban areas, orchards etc.
     Small groups, flocks up to 20 or 30, the latter containing never more than 2 or
     3 blue- black males.
332. Green Catbird Ailuroedus crassirostris
     RB. Uncommon, sedentary. Rainforest of the coastal escarpment and the head of
     Kangaroo Valley, occasionally visits adjoining wet sclerophyll forest and home
     gardens with flocks of Satin Bowerbirds.
333. White -winged Chough Corcorax melanorhamphus
     RB. Uncommon. Sedentary. Dry sclerophyll forests and lightly timbered open
     country of the tablelands rarely approaching the coast. Ground feeder. Flocks,
     up to 20 birds.
334. Australian Magpie Lark Grallina cyanoleuca
     RB. Very common. Sedentary. Open forest, farmlands, urban areas, roadsides,
     borders of swamps and lagoons. Nesting Aug -Feb. Pairs, small flocks in autumn
     and winter.
335. Masked Woodswallow Artamus personatus
     SMB. Rare, nomadic. Open forest and farmlands. Occurs in small numbers within
     foraging and breeding flocks of White-browed Woodswallows.
336. White-browed Woodswallow Artamus superciliosus
     SMB and PM. Uncommon, nomadic. Open forest and farmlands. Flocks of passage
     birds usually seen Oct -Nov. Large invasions occur every few years when it usually
     nests in the County. Movements are extensive but little understood. Small to large
     flocks.
337. Black -faced Woodswallow Artamus cinereus
     V. Rare. A bird of the drier inland. Six seen by several observers in the extreme
     west of the County near Barrallier, Jan 1975.74. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
338. Dusky Woodswallow Artamus cyanopterus
     RB. Moderately common, nomadic. Lightly timbered and open country throughout
     the County, heathland with trees. Perches on dead treetops, overhead wires etc.
     Nests in loose communities, forms larger flocks in autumn and moves generally
     northwards.
339. Grey Butcherbird Cracticus torquatus
     RB. Moderately common, sedentary. Most timbered, agricultural and settled areas.
     Nesting Sept -Dec. Singly or pairs, often family groups after nesting.
340. Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen tibicen
     RB. Very common, sedentary. Open forest and farmlands, parks, suburban areas
     with trees, roadsides, pairs, flocks.
     The white -backed form, Gymnorhina tibicen hypoleuca, is rare and sedentary and
     interbreeds with the nominate race. Individuals and pairs have been observed in
     various parts of the County. Formerly moderately common at Wilton, now appar-
     ently absorbed into the G. t. tibicen population. Latest record Orangeville July
     1973.
341. Pied Currawong Strepera graculina
     RB and WM. Very common. Partial migrant. Forested areas throughout, also agri-
     cultural and urban areas in winter. Forms flocks in autumn augmented by birds
     from higher country to the SW. Birds banded at Austinmer recovered within one
     year at Nethercote NSW 320 km south, and Penrose 80 km SW (ABB 4:19).
342. Grey Currawong Strepera versicolor
     RB. Uncommon. Sedentary. Forest country of the central plateau, sandstone
     forests, edges of wet sclerophyll near the coast. Usually singly or in pairs, occas-
     ionally flocks in autumn when it also forages in more open country. Flock of 12
     at Wilton April 1976.
343. Australian Raven Corvus coronoides
     RB. Very common, sedentary. Most habitats including timbered areas (except
     heavy forest), grazing land, urban rubbish dumps, beaches and roadsides. Loose
     flocks travel daily between foraging and roosting areas. Nesting from July. Singly,
     pairs and flocks.March, 1977 75
     NOTES AND ADDITIONS76. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
     INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
     Albatross, Black-browed Page 46 Coucal, Pheasant Page 62
     Buller’s 46 Crake, Marsh 53
     Grey -headed 46 Spotless 53
     Light -mantled 46 Cuckoo, Brush 61
     Royal 46 Channel -billed 62
     Sooty 46 Fan -tailed 61
     Wandering 46 Golden Bronze Cuckoo 61
     White -capped 46 Horsfield Bronze Cuckoo 61
     Yellow- nosed 46 Pallid 61
     Bee -eater, Rainbow 63 Rufous- tailed Bronze 61
     Bittern, Black 50 Shining Bronze 61
     Brown 50 Cuckoo -shrike, Black -faced 64
     Little 50 Little 64
     Blackbird, Common 64 White -bellied 64
     Bowerbird, Satin 73 Curlew, Eastern 55
     Bristlebird, Eastern 67 Currawong, Grey 74
     Brolga 54 Pied 74
     Bronzewing, Brush 59 Darter 49
     Common 59 Diving -petrel, Common 49
     Budgerygah 61 South Georgian 49
     Bulbul, Red -whiskered 64 Dollarbird 63
     Bushlark, Singing 63 Dotterel, Black -fronted 55
     Butcherbird, Grey 74 Double -banded 55
     Button -quail, Painted 53 Hooded 54
     Catbird, Green 73 Large -billed 55
     Chat, White -fronted 71 Mongolian 55
     Chough, White -winged 73 Oriental 55
     Chowchilla, Spine -tailed 66 Red -capped 55
     Cicadabird 64 Dove, Bar -shouldered 59
     Cisticola, Golden -headed 67 Diamond 59
     Cockatiel 60 Emerald 59
     Cockatoo, Gang -gang 60 Peaceful 59
     Glossy Black 60 Spotted 59
     Sulphur -crested 60 Drongo, Spangled 73
     Yellow -tailed Black 60 Duck, Black 51
     Coot 54 Mountain 51
     Cormorant, Black 49 Musk 51
     Little Black 49 Pink -eared 51
     Little Pied 49 White -eyed 51
     Pied 49 Wood 51March, 1977 77.
     Eagle, Little Page 52 Greenshank Page 56
     Wedge-tailed 52 Gull, Pacific 57
     White -breasted Sea- 52 Silver 57
     Egret, Cattle 50 Southern Black -backed 57
     Large 50 Harrier, Swamp 52
     Little 50 Hawk, Crested 52
     Plumed 50 Heron, Mangrove 50
     Emu -wren, Southern 67 Nankeen Night 50
     Falcon, Brown 53 Reef 50
     Little 53 White-faced 49
     Peregrine 53 White -necked 49
     Fantail, Grey 66 Honeyeater, Black -chinned 70
     Rufous 66 Brown 70
     Fantail -warbler, Golden -headed 67 Brown -headed 70
     Figbird, Green 73 Crescent 70
     Finch, Chestnut -breasted 72 Fuscous 70
     Double -barred 72 Lewin’s 70
     Red-browed 72 New Holland
     71
     Zebra 72 Regent 69
     Firetail, Beautiful 72 Scarlet
     71
     Diamond 72 Tawny -crowned
     71
     Red-browed 72 White-cheeked
     71
     Flycatcher, Black -faced 65 White -eared 70
     Leaden 66 White-naped 70
     Restless 66 White -plumed 70
     Satin 66 Yellow -faced 70
     Spectacled 65 Yellow -tufted 70
     Friarbird, Little 69 Hylacola, Chestnut-rumped 68
     Noisy 69 Ibis, Glossy 50
     Frogmouth, Tawny 62 Straw -necked
     51
     Fulmar, Antarctic 47 White 50
     Galah 60 Jabiru 50
     Gannet, Australian 49 Jacky Winter 65
     Godwit, Bar -tailed 56 Kestrel, Nankeen 53
     Black -tailed Godwit 56 Kingfisher, Azure 63
     Goldfinch, European 72
     Sacred 63
     Goshawk, Brown 52 Kite, Black 52
     Grey 52 Black -shouldered 52
     Grassbird, Little 66 Letter -winged 52
     Grebe, Great Crested 46 Whistling 52
     Hoary -headed 46
     Little 4678. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
     Knot Page 56 Pardalote, Eastern Striated Page 71
     Knot, Great 56 Spotted 71
     Koel, Indian 61 Straited 71,72,
     Kookaburra 63 Yellow- tipped 71
     Lark, Australian Magpie 73 Parrot, Ground 61
     Logrunner, Spine -tailed 66 King 60
     Lorikeet, Little 60 Red-rumped 61
     Musk 60 Swamp 61
     Rainbow 60 Swift 61
     Scaly -breasted 60 Turquoise 61
     Lyrebird, Superb 63 Pelican, Australian 49
     Magpie, Australian 74 Penguin, Fiordland Crested 46
     Black -backed 74 Little 46
     White -backed 74 Petrel, Blue 47
     Mallard 51 Cape 47
     Mannikin, Chestnut -breasted 72 Cook’s 47
     Martin, Fairy 64 Gould 47
     Tree 64 Great -winged 47
     Miner, Bell 69 Kerguelen 47
     Noisy 69 Mottled 47
     Mistletoebird 71 Northern Giant 47
     Monarch, Black -faced 65 Providence 47
     Spectacled 65 Petrel, Southern Giant 47
     Moorhen, Dusky 53 Westland Black 48
     Myna, Common 73 White -chinned 48
     Nightjar, White -throated 62 White -headed 47
     Noddy, Common 58 Pigeon, Brown 59
     Oriole, Olive -backed 73 Crested 59
     Osprey 52 Domestic 59
     Owl, Barking 62 Green -winged 59
     Barn 62 Purple -crowned 58
     Boobook 62 Topknot 59
     Masked 62 White -headed 59
     Powerful 62 Wompoo 59
     Sooty 62 Wonga 60
     Spotted 62 Pilotbird 67
     Owlet -nightjar 62 Pipit, Australian 64
     Oystercatcher, Pied 54 Richard’s 64
     Sooty 54 Pitta, Noisy 63March, 1977 79.
     Plover, Banded Page 54 Short -tailed Page 48
     Eastern Golden 54 Sooty 48
     Grey 54 Wedge-tailed 48
     Masked 54 Shoveller 51
     Spur -winged 54 Shrike- thrush, Grey 65
     Prion, Antarctic 47 Shrike -tit, Crested 65
     Broad -billed 47 Silvereye 72
     Fairy 48 Sittella, Orange -winged 69
     Medium -billed 47 Varied 69
     Slender -billed 48 Skua, Arctic 57
     Quail, Brown 53 Great 57
     King 53 Po marine 57
     Painted Button- 53 Skylark, Common 63
     Stubble 53 Snipe, Japanese 56
     Quail -thrush, Spotted 66 Painted 54
     Rail, Land 53 Songlark, Brown 67
     Water 53 Rufous 67
     Rainbowbird 63 Sparrow, House 72
     Raven, Australian 74 Sparrowhawk, Collared 52
     Robin, Eastern Yellow 65 Spinebill, Eastern 71
     Robin, Flame 64 Spoonbill, Royal 51
     Hooded 65 Yellow -billed
     51
     Red -capped 65 Starling, Common 72
     Rose 64 Stilt, Banded 55
     Scarlet 65 Pied 55
     Rosella, Cromson 61 Stint, Red -necked 56
     Eastern 61 Stone -curlew, Bush 54
     Sanderling 57 Storm -petrel, Grey -backed 48
     Sandpiper, Broad -billed 57 White-faced 48
     Common 56 Swallow, Welcome 63
     Curlew 57 White -backed 63
     Sharp -tailed 56 Swamphen 54
     Scrubwren, Large -billed 67 Swan, Black 51
     White-browed 68 Swift, Fork -tailed 63
     Yellow -throated 67 Spine -tailed 62
     Sea -eagle, White -breasted Tattler, Grey -tailed
     56
     Shearwater, Flesh -footed 48 Wandering 56
     Fluttering 48 Teal, Chestnut
     51
     Grey -backed 48 Grey
     51
     Hutton’s 48 Tern, Arctic 58
     Little
     48 Caspian 5880. AUSTRALIAN BIRDS 11 (3)
     Common Page 58 Wagtail, Willie Page 66
     Crested 58 Warbler, Brown 68
     Gull -billed 57 Clamorous Reed 66
     Little 58 Reed 66
     Sooty 58 Rock 67
     White 58 Speckled 68
     Whiskered 57 White -throated 68
     White -fronted 58 Wattlebird, Little 69
     Ternlet, Grey 58 Red 69
     Thornbill, Brown 68 Weebill 68
     Buff-rumped 68 Whimbrel 55
     Little 68 Little 55
     Striated 68 Whipbird, Eastern 66
     Yellow 68 Whistler, Golden 65
     Yellow-rumped 68 Olive 65
     Thrush, Ground 64 Rufous 65
     Scaly 64 Whiteface, Southern 69
     Treecreeper, Brown 69 Woodswallow, Black -faced 73
     Red-bro wed 69 Dusky 74
     White -throated 69 Masked 73
     Triller, White -winged 64 White-browed 73
     Tropicbird, Red-tailed 49 Wren, Heath 68
     White-tailed 49 Superb Blue 67
     Turkey, Brush 53 Variegated 67
     Turnstone 55′ 47,
     ,CONTENTS
     Gibson, J. D. The Birds of the County of Camden
     (Including the Illawarra District) .. 41
     Systematic List 45

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